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They are very cheap: I pay around £20 for a dictionary the size one largish Huitenga vol. Plus postage. Or I can deliver them myself to London to save on postage. This is for "destructive scanning". Meaning: you don't get the book back. Non-destructive is much more expensive.
You're welcome, Michael. All that scanning must have been quite a chore. I've considered doing the same kind of thing with my own dictionaries but, with more than 10 metres of bookshelf space stuffed with dictionaries, I guess I would need to be pretty fussy about which ones to scan.
I wonder, by the way, whether scanning the English>Dutch version would be worthwhile once you have a digital version the other way around, as you have. Just in case you don't have that version, this has the following setting-related entries: (hard-)set egg = bebroed ei; setting compartment (van broedmachine) = voorbroedruimte; setting tray (van broedmachine) = voorbroedla.
And yes, I agree that '18-day incubed eggs' is probably a correct translation. It's just that it would be a bridge too far for a patent text IMHO.
Yes, although I am pretty sure ‘18 day-incubated eggs’ is correct in my context, I think ‘set eggs’ might be safer.
I've only started doing patent applications relatively recently, and have done around 30 by now, but I know what you mean about sticking to the src, even if wrong or unclear.
re Huitenga, although I have come across a few questionable entries over the years, 90% of his stuff is rock solid. I'm quite happy I finally got around to scanning/OCR-ing:
– Huitenga, T.: Nederlands-Engels Woordenboek voor Landbouwwetenschappen (Numij Leiden). – Huitenga, T.: Nederlands-Engels Supplement voor Landbouw- en Milieuwetenschappen (Numij, 1996).
...which I can now access with one click via Copernic Desktop Search.
I'm currently slowly working through my gigantic pile of great dictionaries, and adding them to my Copernic-searchable database: https://photos.app.goo.gl/SF9Vo6eeEJLHnmWt2
I don't have time for discussion, but my advice would be to stick to Huitenga: 'set eggs'. Using '18 day-incubated eggs', even if absolutely correct, would, in my opinion -- but having translated hundreds of patent application documents -- be too interpretative. In patent translation you need to reflect or represent as well as possible what the sources says, not what you think it says. Even if it is wrong.
‘In the hatching of baby chicks, there are two general stages after the eggs are selected. First, is the setting stage during which time (usually 19 days) the eggs are kept under certain temperature and humidity conditions. Second, is the hatching stage when the baby chicks come out of the shells, during which time (usually 2 days) an entirely different set of temperature and humidity conditions should be maintained.’ (http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US2646930 )
=>
"voorgebroede eieren" =
"eggs that have been incubated for up to 18 days, during the so-called ‘setting stage’"
One of the special things about these newish systems, and the one my patent application is about (albeit in improved form) is referred to as "on-farm hatching". that is, previously, eggs were incubated and then hatched in a specific place (can't think of the name right now), but in the new system, you can let the eggs hatch on the farm. that is, in the "poultry/broiler house", instead of in the incubator/setter place.
If you take these time periods, you will see they correspond to the ones in English texts on the subject:
"precies 18 dagen" -> "voorbroeden = the first approx. 18 days of incubation (= the ‘setting stage’) "In de uitbroedmachine komen de kuikens in 82 uur uit het ei." -> uitbroeden/nabroeden = between day 18 to 21 (= the ‘hatching stage’)"
Fase 5: Uitbroeden In de uitbroedmachine komen de kuikens in 82 uur uit het ei. Om ook hier kruisbesmetting te voorkomen, heeft de broederij verschillende uitkomstlokalen. Een kuiken zal ongeveer een dag voor uitkomst het ei aanpikken. Dit gebeurt omdat het zuurstofverbruik toeneemt en het in het ei steeds benauwder wordt. Zodra de schaal is aangepikt volgt er normaal een rustperiode van een halve dag.
"Verschillende fasen kunnen worden onderscheiden, namelijk: aankomst en ontsmetting, korte bewaarperiode, het voorbroeden, schouwen, de uitbroedmachine en tenslotte het seksen, waarna de eieren worden afgeleverd bij nationale en internationale klanten."
Fase 3: Voorbroeden Het voorbroeden van een bevruchte kiem naar een embryo duurt precies 18 dagen. Onze broederij beschikt over twee voorbroedlokalen die elk worden aangestuurd door een apart klimaatbeheersingssysteem. … Gedurende de 18 dagen wordt het ei ieder uur gekanteld, om er zo voor te zorgen dat het kuiken goed in het midden groeit en om verkleving aan de schaalvliezen te voorkomen.
Fase 4: Schouwen Nadat de 18 dagen in de voorbroedmachine voorbij zijn, worden de eieren geschouwd in een apart schouwlokaal. Een volledig geautomatiseerd systeem scheidt de bevruchte eieren van de niet bevruchte eieren. De bevruchte eieren worden overgelegd in uitkomstbakken waarna ze klaar zijn voor de volgende stap: de uitbroedmachine.
hmm, re yr suggestion ("pre-hatched eggs"): but this doesn't take into account the "uitbroeden/nabroeden" stage, where the eggs have (also) not yet hatched.
see my notes elsewhere:
"voorbroeden = the first approx. 18 days of incubation (= the ‘setting stage’) uitbroeden/nabroeden = between day 18 to 21 (= the ‘hatching stage’)"
re the 2 stages ("setting stage", "hatching stag):
22:48 Jul 20, 2017
"The size and type of incubator selected depends on the needs and future plans of each producer. Many different models are available. For continuous settings, separate incubator and hatcher units are recommended. If all eggs in the unit are at the same stage of incubation, a single unit can be used.
…
An excellent method to determine correct humidity is to candle the eggs at various stages of incubation.
…
What must be done if the power goes off during incubation? A proper response depends on several factors, some of which include the temperature of the room in which the incubator is located, the number of eggs in the machine, and whether the eggs are in the early or late stage of incubation.
Keep the incubator closed during hatching to maintain proper temperature and humidity. The air vents should be almost fully open during the latter stages of hatching."
Reference information: Relationship between pre-incubation egg parameters from old breeder hens, egg hatchability and chick weight
This experiment was carried out to determine the relationships between some of the physical parameters of the pre-hatched eggs and both chick weight and quality of old breeder hens. In this experiment, 450 hatching eggs obtained from 70 week old white Bovans layer parent stock were used. Three weight groups were formed lightest being 55-60 g, medium being 61-65 g and heaviest being 66-70 g. Relationships between some of the physical parameters (weight, volume, density and shape index) of hatching eggs and chick weight and quality were investigated for each of the 3 weight groups. Correlations between chick weight and egg weight (p<0.01), egg volume (p<0.01) and egg density (p<0.05) were determined. Relationships between the shape index and chick weight and other physical egg parameters examined were not significant. Chick quality was not affected significantly by any of the physical egg parameters examined. Hatchability of fertile eggs for light, medium and heavy weight groups were 85.5, 86.0 and 83.4%, respectively, hatching yields were 82.7, 82.0 and 80.7%, respectively and fertility were 96.7, 95.3 and 96.7%, respectively. The effect of weight groups on hatchability of fertile eggs, hatch yield, fertility and early and late embryonic mortality was not significant.
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