counterfactual

Chinese translation: 反事实条件

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
English term or phrase:counterfactual
Chinese translation:反事实条件
Entered by: Gertrude Tsau

09:18 May 28, 2008
English to Chinese translations [PRO]
Social Sciences - Science (general)
English term or phrase: counterfactual
how to say it in Chinese?
"if the control group of states serves as a reasonable counterfactual, then we can assume a similar reduction would have occurred for the treatment states had they not increased their beer tax."
pfchen
Local time: 15:32
反事实条件
Explanation:
wikipedia:
反事实条件,或虚拟条件,致力于捕获在自然语言中的“如果-那么”陈述的条件陈述。与实质条件陈述不同,反事实条件可以为假即使它的前件为假。在自然语言中的"如果-那么"的意思不是总能正确的用实质条件所形式化。特别是,实质条件总是真的,只要它们的前件为假,而在自然语言中的"如果-那么"陈述,是指示条件,可以在这种情况下为假。例如,陈述“如果 Keith 在墨西哥,则 Keith 在非洲” 将典型的被认为是假。但是,如果 Keith 当前不在墨西哥,则对应的逻辑条件是真。换句话说,如果陈述“Keith 在墨西哥” 和 “Keith 在非洲” 被分别的形式化为命题 和 ,你可能不希望第一个蕴涵第二个。不过,如果 当前为假,则 在命题逻辑中是真。为了区分反事实条件和实质条件,定义了符号 ,所以 意味着 “如果 ,则 ”。
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Gertrude Tsau
United States
Local time: 02:32
Grading comment
thanks for the detailed information!!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4反事实条件
Gertrude Tsau


  

Answers


6 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
反事实条件


Explanation:
wikipedia:
反事实条件,或虚拟条件,致力于捕获在自然语言中的“如果-那么”陈述的条件陈述。与实质条件陈述不同,反事实条件可以为假即使它的前件为假。在自然语言中的"如果-那么"的意思不是总能正确的用实质条件所形式化。特别是,实质条件总是真的,只要它们的前件为假,而在自然语言中的"如果-那么"陈述,是指示条件,可以在这种情况下为假。例如,陈述“如果 Keith 在墨西哥,则 Keith 在非洲” 将典型的被认为是假。但是,如果 Keith 当前不在墨西哥,则对应的逻辑条件是真。换句话说,如果陈述“Keith 在墨西哥” 和 “Keith 在非洲” 被分别的形式化为命题 和 ,你可能不希望第一个蕴涵第二个。不过,如果 当前为假,则 在命题逻辑中是真。为了区分反事实条件和实质条件,定义了符号 ,所以 意味着 “如果 ,则 ”。


Gertrude Tsau
United States
Local time: 02:32
Works in field
Native speaker of: Chinese
PRO pts in category: 4
Grading comment
thanks for the detailed information!!
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