12:29 Apr 20, 2005 |
English to Latvian translations [PRO] Law: Taxation & Customs | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Olga Judina Latvia Local time: 08:57 | ||||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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3 | diferencētais nodoklis |
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3 | kaskؔdes nodoklis |
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diferencētais nodoklis Explanation: Izpētot dažus dokumentus, tā varētu secināt, tomēr pārliecības, ka tā ir 100% man gan nav. Resp. šis nodoklis ietver dažādas atlaides/atvieglinājumus/atbrīvojumus. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 hrs 48 mins (2005-04-20 15:18:15 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- jĀ, vēl, kristīne, tur visur bija runa, ka ir ES valstis, kur ir fiksēti nodokļi, un tādas, kur nav fiksēti, un tas \"cascade tax\" vienmēr izrādās ne tāds kā PVN, ko var fiksēti noteikt konkrētā apjomā, ka, pārdodot preces vai muitojot, tad reizēm tika piemērots cascade tax, un tas bija nepareizi un neatbilstīgi un dažām valstīm neizdevīgi. Varbūt var nosaukt to par \"nenoteikto/nefiksēto/pakāpeniski piemērojamo nodokli\"? -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 hrs 57 mins (2005-04-20 15:27:10 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Progresīvais apgrozījuma nodoklis precēm, kas nesasniedz apgrozījuma slieksni http://www.saeima.lv/steno/AP_steno/1990/st_901024.htm http://www.fm.gov.lv/page.php?id=509 Reference: http://www.worldtradelaw.net/reports/gattpanels/bordertax.pd... |
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kaskØ”des nodoklis Explanation: vai kumulatØ©vs nodoklis The problem with a turnover tax is the 'cascade' effect arising from the fact that goods are taxed every time they change hands. The effective rate of tax on a good therefore depends on the length of the marketing chain from producer to final consumer. http://www.uq.edu.au/economics/johnquiggin/news/GST9806.html Cascade Tax: A turnover tax that is applied on every stage of production cycle, frequently described as "economically" disadvantageous inducing unjustified vertical integration." http://www.offshore-manual.com/cp10c.html §æ§Ü§ą§ß§ą§Ž§Ś§é§Ö§ć§Ü§Ś§Ū §Ö§Ų§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ż§ī§ß§Ś§Ü "§æ§į§Ś§Ō§ā§Ń§ę" §Æ§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō §ć §ą§Ņ§ą§ā§ą§ä§Ń (turnover tax), §Ś§ß§ą§Ō§Õ§Ń §ß§Ń§Ł§ķ§Ó§Ń§Ö§Ž§ķ§Ū "§Ü§Ń§ć§Ü§Ń§Õ§ß§ķ§Ž §ß§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō§ą§Ž", §ą§Ņ§ķ§é§ß§ą §į§ā§Ö§Õ§ć§ä§Ń§Ó§Ż§ń§Ö§ä §ć§ą§Ņ§ą§Ū §ę§Ś§Ü§ć§Ś§ā§ą§Ó§Ń§ß§ß§ķ§Ū §į§ā§ą§č§Ö§ß§ä §ą§ä §ć§ä§ą§Ś§Ž§ą§ć§ä§Ś §į§ā§ą§Õ§Ń§Ų. epigraph.sinor.ru/298/nalog_e.php cascading = turnover tax. §Æ§ą§Ó§ķ§Ū §Ń§ß§Ō§Ż§ą-§ā§å§ć§ć§Ü§Ś§Ū §Ņ§Ń§ß§Ü§ą§Ó§ć§Ü§Ś§Ū §Ś §ļ§Ü§ą§ß§ą§Ž§Ś§é§Ö§ć§Ü§Ś§Ū §ć§Ż§ą§Ó§Ń§ā§ī (English-Russian) http://online.multilex.ru/ §Æ§Ń§č§Ś§ą§ß§Ń§Ż§ī§ß§Ń§ń §æ§Ü§ą§ß§ą§Ž§Ś§é§Ö§ć§Ü§Ń§ń §¤§Ń§Ł§Ö§ä§Ń / §±§²§°§¢§§¦§®§½ §Ŗ §²§¦§ŗ§¦§Æ§Ŗ§Į / §³§“§²§”§Æ§Æ§”§Į §Ŗ§³§“§°§²§Ŗ§Į, §Ś§Ż§Ś ... ... §ß§Ń §į§ā§Ö§Õ§ķ§Õ§å§ė§Ö§Ū §ć§ä§Ń§Õ§Ś§Ś §Ś§Ł§Ō§ą§ä§ą§Ó§Ż§Ö§ß§Ś§ń §Ü§ą§ß§Ö§é§ß§ą§Ō§ą §į§ā§ą§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ń, §į§ā§Ö§Ó§ā§Ń§ė§Ń§Ö§ä §Æ§„§³ §Ó §ß§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō §ć §ą§Ņ§ą§ā§ą§ä§Ń, §ć§ą§Ł§Õ§Ń§Ö§ä §Ü§Ń§ć§Ü§Ń§Õ§ß§ķ§Ū §ļ§ę§ę§Ö§Ü§ä, §Ü§ą§Ō§Õ§Ń §ß§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō "§ß§Ń§Ü§ā§å§é§Ś§Ó§Ń§Ö§ä§ć§ń §ß§Ń §ß§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō" ... www.neg.by/print/2003/09/12/2953.html §®§Ń§ä§Ö§ā§Ś§Ń§Ż§ķ §Ü §ć§Ń§Ž§ą§ć§ä§ą§ń§ä§Ö§Ż§ī§ß§ą§Ž§å §Ś§Ł§å§é§Ö§ß§Ś§š. §“§Ö§Ž§Ń 4. §±§ā§ą§Ņ§Ż§Ö§Ž§å §Ü§Ń§ć§Ü§Ń§Õ§ß§ą§Ō§ą (§Ž§ß§ą§Ō§ą§Ü§ā§Ń§ä§ß§ą§Ō§ą) §Ó§Ł§Ś§Ž§Ń§ß§Ś§ń §ß§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō§Ń §į§ą §Ž§Ö§ā§Ö §į§ā§ą§ē§ą§Ų§Õ§Ö§ß§Ś§ń §ā§Ń§Ł§Ż§Ś§é§ß§ķ§ē §ć§ä§Ń§Õ§Ś§Ū §į§ā§ą§Ś§Ł§Ó§ą§Õ§ć§ä§Ó§Ń §Ž§ą§Ų§ß§ą §ā§Ö§ź§Ś§ä§ī, §Ś§ć§į§ą§Ż§ī§Ł§å§ń §ß§Ń§Ż§ą§Ō §ß§Ń §Õ§ą§Ņ§Ń§Ó§Ż§Ö§ß§ß§å§š ... russeca.kent.edu/USAeconomy/IndividualWork04.html -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr 57 mins (2005-04-20 14:26:40 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Żźīķīģč÷åńźčé åęåķåäåėüķčź \"Żļčćšąō\" Ķąėīć ń īįīšīņą (turnover tax), čķīćäą ķąēūāąåģūé \"źąńźąäķūģ ķąėīćīģ\", īįū÷ķī ļšåäńņąāė’åņ ńīįīé ōčźńčšīāąķķūé ļšīöåķņ īņ ńņīčģīńņč ļšīäąę. epigraph.sinor.ru/298/nalog_e.php cascading = turnover tax. Ķīāūé ąķćėī-šóńńźčé įąķźīāńźčé č żźīķīģč÷åńźčé ńėīāąšü (English-Russian) http://online.multilex.ru/ Ķąöčīķąėüķą’ Żźīķīģč÷åńźą’ Ćąēåņą / ĻŠĪĮĖÅĢŪ Č ŠÅŲÅĶČß / ŃŅŠĄĶĶĄß ČŃŅĪŠČß, čėč ... ... ķą ļšåäūäółåé ńņąäčč čēćīņīāėåķč’ źīķå÷ķīćī ļšīäóźņą, ļšåāšąłąåņ ĶÄŃ ā ķąėīć ń īįīšīņą, ńīēäąåņ źąńźąäķūé żōōåźņ, źīćäą ķąėīć \"ķąźšó÷čāąåņń’ ķą ķąėīć\" ... www.neg.by/print/2003/09/12/2953.html Ģąņåščąėū ź ńąģīńņī’ņåėüķīģó čēó÷åķčž. Ņåģą 4. Ļšīįėåģó źąńźąäķīćī (ģķīćīźšąņķīćī) āēčģąķč’ ķąėīćą ļī ģåšå ļšīõīęäåķč’ šąēėč÷ķūõ ńņąäčé ļšīčēāīäńņāą ģīęķī šåųčņü, čńļīėüēó’ ķąėīć ķą äīįąāėåķķóž ... russeca.kent.edu/USAeconomy/IndividualWork04.html -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 19 hrs 51 mins (2005-04-21 08:20:43 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- here\'s a good explanation: 2) Multiple stage tax: This is a tax which hits several stages of the production process. The two most common forms include; a) turnover or gross receipts tax (business and occupation tax): This is generally a tax on the sales at each stage of the production process. A similar form of tax is used in three states in this country and in many developing countries. The turnover tax will cascade through the production process. For example, for a 1% turnover tax on the production of bread, 1% would be levied on; -sale of wheat to millers -sale of flour to bakers -sale of bread to retailers -sale of bread to consumers. This implies that the final tax paid by consumers is higher than the 1% nominal rate. However, this depends on how the firm is structured. If you had a firm which grew the wheat, milled it, baked the bread and sold it directly to consumers, the tax rate would only be 1%. This is the basic problem with such gross receipts taxes, they encourage firms to vertically integrate, which is just the type of concentration of power in one firm that our anti-trust laws were designed to prevent. Not surprisingly, this tax could potentially lead to large efficiency losses. http://www-cpr.maxwell.syr.edu/faculty/duncombe/PPA734/lectu... |
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