astringencia

English translation: stringency [DNA technology]

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
Spanish term or phrase:astringencia
English translation:stringency [DNA technology]
Entered by: Rachel Fell

18:54 Aug 26, 2007
Spanish to English translations [PRO]
Science - Genetics / in situ hybridisation/DNA probes, etc.
Spanish term or phrase: astringencia
defines it in the context of hybridisation techniques as "the total of forces which prevent two strands of nucleic acid from hybridising" - it also seems to have the meaning of compactness, the degree of closeness between molecules of guanine, etc. - not sure what it is in English

Any assistance appreciated!
Rachel Fell
United Kingdom
Local time: 08:31
non-stringency
Explanation:

DF]
Molecular Approaches to Drug Abuse Research Volume I, 111
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
genomic library under nonstringency hybridization conditions and were able to ...... nucleic acid to be used for subsequent probing and cloning operations. ...
www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/monographs/111.pdf - Similar pages

***Lost a bit of stuff I had collected, here goes again:-)

# is the set of conditions under which hybridization of a nucleic acid probe with its complementary target sequence occurs. These conditions include the concentration of salt and formamide, temperature, length and GC content of the probe, and percentage of mismatch of the probe with its target. These variables can be adjusted to either increase or decrease stringency, and thus the specificity of the hybridization reaction.
www.molecularpathology.com/pt/re/dmp/fulltext.00019606-1996...

# Heteroduplex formation between probes and target DNA is accomplished by controlling the environment in which hybridization occurs. Mismatches may be tolerated in solutions of high salt concentration and low temperature or low stringency, because salts stabilize the association of DNA by minimizing electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged DNA backbone. Low temperatures prevent "melting" of DNA or disruption of hydrogen bonding. ...
dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40040477.x

ucleic Acid Hybridizations
Controlling the stringency is an important step in these experiments. Stringency - a term used in hybridization experiments to denote the degree of homology ...
www.ndsu.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc731/dna/dna6.htm - 14k - Cached - Similar pages
Glossary of biotechnology and genetic engineering
At high stringency, duplexes form only between strands with perfect one-to-one complementarity; lower stringency allows annealing between strands with some ...
www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E22.htm - 58k - Cached - Similar pages
[PPT]
stringency
File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint - View as HTML
Stringency is a condition that causes a change in the local ... This is different then PCR, because increasing salt concentration increases stringency ...
www.uvm.edu/~vgn/outreach/Hybridization-staining.ppt - Similar pages

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 58 mins (2007-08-26 19:52:28 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E00.htm#TopOfPage

Glossary, no entry for astringency, entry for stringency, no entry for non-stringency

I find nothing convincing fro A- and NON-

What's more a search in ES pages refers to "alta/baja" astringencia, whereas EN sites refer to "high/low stringency", so my giess is that the A is not a negation, but that the translation is STRINGENCY



--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2007-08-26 22:30:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Replying to Rachel: your definition (is it translated from the ES?) comnpared with what I found (seems more simplistic).

Compare your "the total of forces which prevent two strands of nucleic acid from hybridising " with the first definition (for stringency, by the way, which I failed to mention) above:

total of the forces = set of conditions

prevent VS Under which ...occurs (--> quite different concepts)

strands of NA .... hybridising VS hybridization of a nucleic acid probe with its complementary target sequence


conditions (forces?) = concentration of salt and formamide, temperature, length and GC content of the probe, and percentage of mismatch of the probe with its target.

Looking at the next part, another definition says: At high stringency, duplexes form only between strands with perfect one-to-one complementarity.

Hence there is low stringency when there is less than perfect complementarity,

And by deduction there is NO stringency when there is no complementarity -- in other words, using your wording, there is "prevention" of hybridization.

This analysis is linguistic as I don't know the subject ... but there's a lack of alignment with BOTH stringency and non-stringency and your definition.

Stringency doesn't match the definition, becuase the definitions from the WWW would indicate a set of forces/conditions that CAUSE (not PREVENT) something

Non-stringency doesn't match either becuase the non implies the non-existence of something, so you couldn't use a non prefix to refer to something that actually exists, in this case as et of negative forces.

So, here's hoping a stringency expert toddles along:-)



I have now backtracked again and think it's NON-stringency, becuase stringency seems to refer to the existence of SOME degree of complementarity, whereas your definition refers to the 100% absence


www.molecularpathology.com/pt/re/dmp/fulltext.00019606-1996...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2007-08-26 22:32:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Please ignore this part (
I have now backtracked again and think it's NON-stringency, becuase stringency seems to refer to the existence of SOME degree of complementarity, whereas your definition refers to the 100% absence
www.molecularpathology.com/pt/re/dmp/fulltext.00019606-1996... ) as it belongs above in my previous submission

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2007-08-26 22:37:17 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

NON-STRINGENCY

Blackwell Synergy - Mol Ecol Notes, Volume 6 Issue 2 Page 511 ...
Non-specific DNA was removed by four nonstringency and four stringency ... The last two nonstringency and stringency washes were stored for further use. ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.... - Similar pages
[PDF]
Eight new polymorphic microsatellite loci for genetic analyses in ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
specific DNA was removed by four nonstringency and. four stringency washes with magnetic field ... The last two nonstringency and stringency washes were ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.... - Similar pages
[ More results from www.blackwell-synergy.com ]
Aquaculture : Microsatellite–centromere mapping in the Japanese ...
Nonspecific DNA was removed by three nonstringency washes and three stringency washes. The DNA was separated from the beads–probe complex by a denaturation ...
linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848606002092 - Similar pages
[PDF]
Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 2, and 7 in astrocytomas ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
probes introduced by nonstringency of hybridiza-. tion conditions. To remove cytoplasm and to improve probe. penetration, nuclei on the slides were treated ...
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199705)19:1%3C6::AID-GCC2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3 - Similar pages
Mouse pelota gene (Pelo): cDNA cloning, genomic structure ...
The same Northern blot was hybridized under nonstringency conditions with the mouse Pelo cDNA. We were not able to detect an additional transcript. ...
content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ArtikelNr=64059&Ausgabe=228512... - Similar pages

Blackwell Synergy - Mol Ecol Notes, Volume 6 Issue 3 Page 721-723 ...
The beads–probe–DNA complex was separated by a magnetic field from the hybridization buffer. Four nonstringency washes were performed by adding 150 µL of ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.... - Similar pages
[PDF]
Strategies for microsatellite isolation: a review
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
hybridization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) bands. with microsatellite probes (Cifarelli ...... The last nonstringency wash, the last stringency wash ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.... - Similar pages
[ More results from www.blackwell-synergy.com ]
[PDF]
In situ DNA hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
bridized with HPV 6 under nonstringency conditions (Tm. -42, formamide concentration 20% in hybridization mixture). to detect the presence of HPV infection. ...
www.springerlink.com/index/J4105V30J213P036.pdf - Similar pages
[PDF]
Molecular Approaches to Drug Abuse Research Volume I, 111
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
adrenergic receptor coding sequence as a hybridization probe to screen a rat. genomic library under nonstringency hybridization conditions and were able to ...
www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/monographs/111.pdf - Similar pages
[PDF]
Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 2, and 7 in astrocytomas ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
Chromosome 2 was used as control in the hybridization. with chromosome 7. .... probes introduced by nonstringency of hybridiza-. tion conditions. ...
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199705)19:1%3C6::AID-GCC2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3 - Similar pages
Selected response from:

Lia Fail (X)
Spain
Local time: 09:31
Grading comment
Thanks very much, Lia:-)
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
3non-stringency
Lia Fail (X)
1astringency?
Bubo Coroman (X)


Discussion entries: 5





  

Answers


13 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 1/5Answerer confidence 1/5
astringency?


Explanation:
I found "astringency" in the attached link but am not sure whether it is your term or whether it refers to astringency as a property of fruit. Sorry if it's the wrong sort! :-)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 53 minutos (2007-08-26 19:48:04 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Hi Rachel! Here is a bilingual text which contains "astringencia" on the left side (Spanish) and "astringency" on the right (English). Please check if it's the right type of "astringency". Thanks. http://www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2004/mar-abr/art-10....


    Reference: http://www.intl-pag.org/7/abstracts/pag7684.html
Bubo Coroman (X)
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 8
Notes to answerer
Asker: Hi Deborah, thanks for answer - I think it does refer here to that unpleasant mouth-puckering quality of some/unripe persimmons... - I've wondered about stringency, but it seems to refer to rigorousness of prep. conditions, etc...

Asker: Thanks Deborah - it was about the technology of probes for human DNA really, rather a particular area, but thanks for nice links :)

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51 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
non-stringency


Explanation:

DF]
Molecular Approaches to Drug Abuse Research Volume I, 111
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
genomic library under nonstringency hybridization conditions and were able to ...... nucleic acid to be used for subsequent probing and cloning operations. ...
www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/monographs/111.pdf - Similar pages

***Lost a bit of stuff I had collected, here goes again:-)

# is the set of conditions under which hybridization of a nucleic acid probe with its complementary target sequence occurs. These conditions include the concentration of salt and formamide, temperature, length and GC content of the probe, and percentage of mismatch of the probe with its target. These variables can be adjusted to either increase or decrease stringency, and thus the specificity of the hybridization reaction.
www.molecularpathology.com/pt/re/dmp/fulltext.00019606-1996...

# Heteroduplex formation between probes and target DNA is accomplished by controlling the environment in which hybridization occurs. Mismatches may be tolerated in solutions of high salt concentration and low temperature or low stringency, because salts stabilize the association of DNA by minimizing electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged DNA backbone. Low temperatures prevent "melting" of DNA or disruption of hydrogen bonding. ...
dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40040477.x

ucleic Acid Hybridizations
Controlling the stringency is an important step in these experiments. Stringency - a term used in hybridization experiments to denote the degree of homology ...
www.ndsu.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc731/dna/dna6.htm - 14k - Cached - Similar pages
Glossary of biotechnology and genetic engineering
At high stringency, duplexes form only between strands with perfect one-to-one complementarity; lower stringency allows annealing between strands with some ...
www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E22.htm - 58k - Cached - Similar pages
[PPT]
stringency
File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint - View as HTML
Stringency is a condition that causes a change in the local ... This is different then PCR, because increasing salt concentration increases stringency ...
www.uvm.edu/~vgn/outreach/Hybridization-staining.ppt - Similar pages

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 58 mins (2007-08-26 19:52:28 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E00.htm#TopOfPage

Glossary, no entry for astringency, entry for stringency, no entry for non-stringency

I find nothing convincing fro A- and NON-

What's more a search in ES pages refers to "alta/baja" astringencia, whereas EN sites refer to "high/low stringency", so my giess is that the A is not a negation, but that the translation is STRINGENCY



--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2007-08-26 22:30:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Replying to Rachel: your definition (is it translated from the ES?) comnpared with what I found (seems more simplistic).

Compare your "the total of forces which prevent two strands of nucleic acid from hybridising " with the first definition (for stringency, by the way, which I failed to mention) above:

total of the forces = set of conditions

prevent VS Under which ...occurs (--> quite different concepts)

strands of NA .... hybridising VS hybridization of a nucleic acid probe with its complementary target sequence


conditions (forces?) = concentration of salt and formamide, temperature, length and GC content of the probe, and percentage of mismatch of the probe with its target.

Looking at the next part, another definition says: At high stringency, duplexes form only between strands with perfect one-to-one complementarity.

Hence there is low stringency when there is less than perfect complementarity,

And by deduction there is NO stringency when there is no complementarity -- in other words, using your wording, there is "prevention" of hybridization.

This analysis is linguistic as I don't know the subject ... but there's a lack of alignment with BOTH stringency and non-stringency and your definition.

Stringency doesn't match the definition, becuase the definitions from the WWW would indicate a set of forces/conditions that CAUSE (not PREVENT) something

Non-stringency doesn't match either becuase the non implies the non-existence of something, so you couldn't use a non prefix to refer to something that actually exists, in this case as et of negative forces.

So, here's hoping a stringency expert toddles along:-)



I have now backtracked again and think it's NON-stringency, becuase stringency seems to refer to the existence of SOME degree of complementarity, whereas your definition refers to the 100% absence


www.molecularpathology.com/pt/re/dmp/fulltext.00019606-1996...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2007-08-26 22:32:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Please ignore this part (
I have now backtracked again and think it's NON-stringency, becuase stringency seems to refer to the existence of SOME degree of complementarity, whereas your definition refers to the 100% absence
www.molecularpathology.com/pt/re/dmp/fulltext.00019606-1996... ) as it belongs above in my previous submission

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2007-08-26 22:37:17 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

NON-STRINGENCY

Blackwell Synergy - Mol Ecol Notes, Volume 6 Issue 2 Page 511 ...
Non-specific DNA was removed by four nonstringency and four stringency ... The last two nonstringency and stringency washes were stored for further use. ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.... - Similar pages
[PDF]
Eight new polymorphic microsatellite loci for genetic analyses in ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
specific DNA was removed by four nonstringency and. four stringency washes with magnetic field ... The last two nonstringency and stringency washes were ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.... - Similar pages
[ More results from www.blackwell-synergy.com ]
Aquaculture : Microsatellite–centromere mapping in the Japanese ...
Nonspecific DNA was removed by three nonstringency washes and three stringency washes. The DNA was separated from the beads–probe complex by a denaturation ...
linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848606002092 - Similar pages
[PDF]
Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 2, and 7 in astrocytomas ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
probes introduced by nonstringency of hybridiza-. tion conditions. To remove cytoplasm and to improve probe. penetration, nuclei on the slides were treated ...
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199705)19:1%3C6::AID-GCC2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3 - Similar pages
Mouse pelota gene (Pelo): cDNA cloning, genomic structure ...
The same Northern blot was hybridized under nonstringency conditions with the mouse Pelo cDNA. We were not able to detect an additional transcript. ...
content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ArtikelNr=64059&Ausgabe=228512... - Similar pages

Blackwell Synergy - Mol Ecol Notes, Volume 6 Issue 3 Page 721-723 ...
The beads–probe–DNA complex was separated by a magnetic field from the hybridization buffer. Four nonstringency washes were performed by adding 150 µL of ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.... - Similar pages
[PDF]
Strategies for microsatellite isolation: a review
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
hybridization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) bands. with microsatellite probes (Cifarelli ...... The last nonstringency wash, the last stringency wash ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.... - Similar pages
[ More results from www.blackwell-synergy.com ]
[PDF]
In situ DNA hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
bridized with HPV 6 under nonstringency conditions (Tm. -42, formamide concentration 20% in hybridization mixture). to detect the presence of HPV infection. ...
www.springerlink.com/index/J4105V30J213P036.pdf - Similar pages
[PDF]
Molecular Approaches to Drug Abuse Research Volume I, 111
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
adrenergic receptor coding sequence as a hybridization probe to screen a rat. genomic library under nonstringency hybridization conditions and were able to ...
www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/monographs/111.pdf - Similar pages
[PDF]
Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 2, and 7 in astrocytomas ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
Chromosome 2 was used as control in the hybridization. with chromosome 7. .... probes introduced by nonstringency of hybridiza-. tion conditions. ...
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199705)19:1%3C6::AID-GCC2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3 - Similar pages

Lia Fail (X)
Spain
Local time: 09:31
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 4
Grading comment
Thanks very much, Lia:-)
Notes to answerer
Asker: Thanks so much Lia - helpful links! As it's not an area I'm v. familiar with... I hadn't managed to get to the bottom of this one!

Asker: Thank you for all your looking into it: here's the def. in Sp.: En técnicas de hibridación podemos definir la astringencia como la totalidad de fuerzas que impiden que dos hebras de ácidos nucleicos hibriden entre si.

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