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Source text - English THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BANNING ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION OF WOMEN
(CEDAW)
On 18th December 1979 the Convention on Banning All Forms of Discrimination of Women was adopted by the United Nations Assembly. Until the tenth anniversary of its adoption almost a hundred countries have consented to follow its targets. And they can be summarised in the following quotation:
«...full and complete development of a country, welfare of the world and the peace as general welfare request maximum participation of women in all fields of the life under equal conditions with men.»
The Convention was the result of over 30-year work of the United Nations Board for the Status of Women in the Society. This body was established in 1946 to supervise the situation and promote women rights. The work of the Board was focused on pointing out all fields of life where women were deprived of equality with men. These efforts to improve the status of women in society came out with a few declarations and conventions among which the Convention on Banning All Forms of Discrimination of Women is the central and the most complete document.
Some 15 articles of the Convention define the areas of life in which work should be carried out against women discrimination. Here are some of these areas:
Roles of sexes, removal of stereotypes and prejudices
Prevention of prostitution
Political and public life, equality in defining policy of authorities
Equal access to education
Equality at employment and work, equal salary for the job of the same value
Health, equal access to health care
Economic and social rights, equal access to possibilities of taking loans
Marriage and family life, equal parts in family responsibility
Etc.
The Convention says that women discrimination is “… making any differences, excluding, making preferences, or restricting essential freedoms and rights based on the sex”. In other words it is any injustice against women based on the fact that they are women. Such discrimination may be direct or indirect. Indirect discrimination happens when conditions which women can hardly fulfil are applied!
Have you found any examples in your environment that can be described as direct or indirect discrimination?
According to numerous reports, there is still women discrimination in all the Convention signatory countries. Signing the Convention is the first step, the declaration of intention. The countries that ratified the Convention have obliged to pass new, non-discriminating laws and take steps for changing discriminating practise and customs.
Where the laws are non-discriminating the work is necessary to overcome the gap between the theory and the practice, between legislation and its application.
The Committee supervises the application of the Convention for the Prevention of Women Discrimination. The mandate of the Committee is defined by article 17 of the Convention and it consists of 23 female and male professionals nominated by their Governments and elected by the signatory countries as the persons of “…the high ethical views and competence in the fields comprised by the Convention.”
The signatory countries are expected to submit their national reports to the Committee at least every fourth year. The reports should contain the status and achieved improvement in the field of the adopted Convention. During its annual session the Committee for Prevention of Women Discrimination discusses the national reports with the representatives of these countries Governments and researches the fields of further improvement in each of the countries. The Committee also gives recommendations for prevention of women discrimination to the signatory countries.
Croatia is one of the countries which signed the Convention on Banning all Forms of Discrimination of Women, therefore the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the Convention are basic legal documents for introducing legal position of women in the Republic of Croatia. According to article 141. of the Constitution the Convention on Banning all Forms of Discrimination of Women, in which Croatia became a party by the notification of succession, is legally positioned above the law, and is therefore a powerful instrument for legal regulation of the position of women in the Republic of Croatia.
It is difficult to claim your rights if you do not know them. Therefore, learn your rights!
Translation - Croatian KONVENCIJA UJEDINJENIH NARODA
O UKIDANJU SVIH OBLIKA DISKRIMINACIJE ENA
(CEDAW)
18-og prosinca 1979. Konvencija o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije ena usvojena je od Skuptine Ujedinjenih naroda. Do desete godinjice od njenog usvajanja, skoro stotinu zemalja se obavezalo da će slijediti njene postavke. A one se mogu saeti ovim citatom:
Ť..puni i potpuni razvitak jedne zemlje, dobrobit svijeta i mir kao opće dobro
trae na svim poljima ivota maksimalno učeće ena
pod jednakim uvjetima s mukarcima.ť
Konvencija je bila proizvod vie od 30 godina rada Komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za status ena u drutvu, tijela osnovanog 1946. god. kako bi nadziralo situaciju i promicalo enska prava. Rad Komisije bio je usmjeren ukazivanju na sva područja ivota u kojima je enama onemogućena ravnopravnost s mukarcima. Ovi napori unaprjeđenju statusa ena u drutvu urodili su s nekoliko deklaracija i konvencija među kojima je upravo Konvencija o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije ena centralni i najsveobuhvatniji dokument.
15-ak članaka Konvencije definiraju područja ivota na kojima se treba raditi protiv diskriminacije ena. Ovo su neka od tih područja:
Spolne uloge, otklanjanje stereotipiziranja i predrasuda
Suzbijanje prostitucije
Politički i javni ivot, jednakost u formuliranju politike vlasti
Jednak pristup obrazovanju
Jednakost pri zapoljavanju i radu, jednaka plaća za posao iste vrijednosti
Zdravlje, jednak pristup zdravstvenoj skrbi
Ekonomska i socijalna prava, jednak pristup mogućnostima kreditiranja
Brak i obiteljski ivot, ravnopravna podjela odgovornosti u obitelji
I dr.
Konvencija kae da je diskriminacija ena Ť..svako pravljenje razlike, isključivanje, preferiranje ili restrikcije temeljnih sloboda i prava na osnovi spola.ť. Drugim riječima to je svaka nepravednost spram ene temeljena na činjenici da je ona ena. Takva diskriminacija moe biti izravna ili neizravna. Do neizravne diskriminacije dolazi kod primjenjivanja uvjeta kojima ene teko mogu udovoljiti!
Jeste li nail/e/i na primjere u svojoj okolini koji se mogu opisati izravnom ili neizravnom diskriminacijom?
Prema brojnim izvjetajima, diskriminacija ena jo postoji u svim zemljama potpisnicama Konvencije. Potpisivanje Konvencije početni je korak, deklariranje namjere. Zemlje koje su ratificirale Konvenciju obavezale su se donijeti nove, nediskriminirajuće, zakone i poduzeti korake za promjenu diskriminirajuće prakse i običaja.
Tamo gdje su zakoni nediskriminirajući treba raditi na prevazilaenju jaza između teorije i prakse, između zakonodavstva i stvarnog djelovanja.
Provođenje Konvencije nadzire Odbor za uklanjanje diskriminacije ena. Mandat Odbora definiran je u članku 17 Konvencije, a sastoji se od 23 srtučnjakinje i stručnjaka koje su nominirale njihove Vlade a izabrale su ih zemlje potpisnice kao osobe Ť..visokih moralnih stajalita i kompetencije na područjima obuhvaćenima Konvencijom.ť.
Najmanje svake četiri godine od zemalja potpisnica se očekuje da Odboru podnesu nacionalna izvjeća, u kojima trebaju naznačiti status i ostvareni napredak u područjima Konvencije koje su prihvatile. Tijekom godinjeg zasjedanja Odbor za uklanjanje diskriminacije ena raspravlja nacionalna izvjeća sa predstavnic/ama/ima Vlada tih zemalja i istrauju područja za daljnje unaprjeđenje u svakoj pojedinoj zemlji. Odbor, također, daje preporuke za otklanjanje diskriminacije ena, zemljama potpisnicama.
Hrvatska je potpisnica Konvencije o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije ena, te su Ustav Republike Hrvatske i Konvencija osnovni pravni akti za uvođenje pravnog poloaja ena u RH. Prema članku 141. Ustava Konvencija o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije ena, koje je Hrvatska postala strankom notifikacijom o sukcesiji, ima pravni poloaj iznad zakona, te je snaan instrument za pravno uređenje poloaja ena u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Teko je traiti prava koja Vam pripadaju, ako ih ne poznajete.
Upoznajte se, stoga, sa svojim pravima!
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