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German to English: Field effect transistor and method of its manufacture General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright
Source text - German Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Feld-Effekt-Transistoren, insbesondere Graben DMOS Transistoren, und Methoden zu ihrer Herstellung.
Kraftfeld-Effekt-Transistoren, z. B. MOSFETs (Metaloxid Halbleiter Feld-Effekt-Transistoren) sind der Halbleiterindustrie gut bekannt. Eine spezielle Bauart des MOSFET ist der DMOS (double-diffused Metaloxid-Halbleiter). Typischerweise enthalten DMOS Transistoren ein Substrat, an dem eine Epitaxialschicht entstanden ist, eine dotierte Source-Kreuzung (Sperrschicht), einen dotierten Schwerkörper, eine dotierte Quelle gleich der Dotierung (p oder n) des Schwerkörpers, sowie eine Gate - Elektrode. In Graben DMOS Transistoren besteht die Gate - Elektrode aus einem vertikalen Graben. Der Schwerkörper liegt typischerweise tiefer als der Graben, um dadurch das elektrische Feld am Boden des Grabens kleiner zu halten und um eine Avalanche (einen Lawienendurchbruch) zu vermeiden, der das Gerät zerstören kann. Der Graben ist mit leitfähigem Polysilikon gefüllt. Dieses Polysilikon wird normalerweise abgeätzt, um sicher zu stellen, dass alle Rückstände um den Graben herum entfernt wurden. Das Abätzen hinterlässt normalerweise eine Vertiefung zwischen dem Oberteil des Polysilikons und der Oberfläche des Halbleitersubstrats (d. h., auf der Oberfläche der Epitaxialschicht). Die Größe dieser Vertiefung muss sorgfältig überprüft werden, um sicher zu stellen, dass sie geringer ist als die Source-Kreuzung (Sperrschicht). Ist die Vertiefung größer als die Sperrschicht, besteht die Gefahr, dass die Source das Gate verfehlt. Dadurch bildet sich ein sehr hoher Durchlasswiderstand, eine hohe Schwellenspannung und potentiell ein nicht funktionierender Transistor.
Translation - English The present invention relates to the field of transistors, in particular trench DMOS transistors, and methods of their manufacture.
Power field effect transistors e.g. MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors) are well known in the semiconductor industry. One type of Mosfet is a DMOS (double diffused metal oxide semiconductor) transistor. DMOS transistors typically include a substrate on which an epitaxial layer is grown, a doped source junction, a doped heavy body, a doped well of the same (p or n) doping as the heavy body and a gate electrode. In trenched DMOS transistors the gate electrode is a vertical trench. The heavy body is typically diffused deeper than the bottom of the trench , to minimise electric field at the bottom corners of the trench and thereby prevent avalanche breakdown from damaging the device. The trench is filled with conductive polysilicon and the polysilicon is generally overetched to assure that it is completely removed from the surface surrounding the trench. This overetching generally leaves a recess between the top of the polysilicon and the surface of the semiconductor substrate (i.e., the surface of the epitaxial layer). the depth of this recess must be carefully controlled so that it is shallower than the depth of the source junctions. If the recess is deeper thatn the source junctions the source may miss the gate, resulting in high on-state resistance, high threshold, and potentially a non functional transistor.
Italian to English: Verbale per definizione requisiti gara Europea/Open invitation to tender General field: Law/Patents
Source text - Italian VERBALE PER DEFINIZIONE REQUISITI GARA EUROPEA
n° XXXXxxxx
OGGETTO: Contratto Aperto per la fornitura di xxx Aerogeneratori con potenza compresa tra 1,5 e 3 MW
Codice RdA:
Unità Richiedente: XXXXX
Categoria: A.3.1
Tipologia: XXXXXX
Gara a Lotti: SI con possibilità di quotare tutti i lotti
Importo Preventivato: € 500.000.000,00
Avviso Periodico di Riferimento: xxxxxxxx
CRITERI DI QUALIFICAZIONE
A) Requisiti di idoneità
E' escluso dalla partecipazione alle gare il concorrente:
a1) che sia in stato di fallimento, di liquidazione, di amministrazione controllata, di concordato preventivo o di qualsiasi altra situazione equivalente, secondo la legislazione del Paese in cui è stabilito;
a2) nei confronti del quale sia in corso una procedura di cui alla lettera precedente ovvero versi in stato di sospensione dell'attività;
a3) che abbia riportato condanna, con sentenza passata in giudicato, per un reato che incida gravemente sulla sua moralità professionale o per delitti finanziari;
a4) che nell'esercizio della propria attività sia incorso in gravi errori di cui XXX sia comunque a conoscenza;
a5) che abbia reso false dichiarazioni in merito ai requisiti ed alle condizioni prescritti per concorrere alla gara.
a6) che non sia in regola con gli obblighi relativi al pagamento di contributi assistenziali e previdenziali a favore dei lavoratori, secondo la legislazione del Paese in cui è stabilito;
a7) che non sia in regola con gli obblighi concernenti le dichiarazioni in materia di imposte e tasse ed i conseguenti adempimenti, secondo la legislazione del Paese in cui è stabilito;
a8) che il concorrente si trovi in rapporto di controllo ai sensi dell'art. 2359 c.c. con altra impresa partecipante ovvero di coincidenza anche parziale dei componenti degli organi di amministrazione e di rappresentanza nonché dei soggetti firmatari degli atti di gara.
Translation - English OBJECT OF THE TENDER:
Open invitation to tender for the supply of xxx wind turbine generators with power comprised between 1,5 and 3 MW
RdA code:
Applicant : XXXXX
Category: A.3.1
Typology : XXXXXX
Lot tenders: With possibility of bidding on all lots
Estimated budget: € 500.000.000, 00
Periodic reference notice: xxxxxxxx
CONDITIONS FOR QUALIFICATION
A) Suitability requisites
Candidates or tenderers will be excluded from participation in the procurement procedure if:
a1) they are bankrupt, in liquidation, under controlled administration, have entered into a voluntary arrangement with creditors or any other analogous situation arising from a similar procedure provided for in the legislation of the country in which they are established;
a2) they are the subject of proceedings concerning the matters referred to in the previous point or have suspended business activities;
a3) they have been convicted of an offence concerning their professional conduct by a judgement that has the force of res judicata;
a4) they are guilty of grave professional misconduct during the course of their activities of which XXX is, however, aware;
a5) they have made false declarations with regards to the requirements and the conditions prescribed in order to participate in this tender.
a6) they have not fulfilled obligations relating to the payment of social security contributions in accordance with the legal provisions of the country in which they are established;
a7) they have not fulfilled obligations relating to the payment of taxes in accordance with the legal provisions of the country in which they are established;
a8) the tenderer has joint control within the meaning of Art. 2359 of the Italian Civil Code of another participating company or rather the concurrence, even partial, of the members of the administrative and representative organs as well as of the signatory of the tender proceedings.
Chinese to English: Multilyzer text General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - Chinese 我已阅读并理解受试者《血尿样本长期保存的知情同意书说明》（下称说明）的内容。我理解这些样本的保存完全是自愿的，即便我不同意保存我的血尿样本，我仍然可以参加本项研究。
Translation - English I agree for my blood sample to be used for medical and biochemical detection and research as approved by the Ethics Committee, the results of which shall be held in the strictest confidence for further angiocardiopathy etiological research.
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