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English to Japanese: Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Assess Brain Damage in Alcoholics - 磁気共鳴画像法と拡散テンソル画像法を用いたアルコール依存症者の脳損傷診断 General field: Science
Source text - English Brain imaging using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed that several brain structures in people with a history of chronic alcohol dependence are smaller in volume than the same brain structures in nonalcoholic control subjects. Areas that are particularly affected are the frontal lobes, which are involved in reasoning, judgment, and problem solving. Older people are especially vulnerable to the damaging effects of alcohol. It is unclear whether women show consistently more vulnerability to these changes in the brain than men do. In general, alcoholics evaluated before and after a period of abstinence show some recovery of tissue volume, whereas alcoholics evaluated again after continued drinking show further reductions in brain tissue volume. A new MR technique called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can aid in detecting the degradation of fibers (i.e., white matter) that carry information between brain cells (i.e., gray matter). With DTI, researchers studying alcoholics have been able to detect abnormalities in white matter not visible with conventional MRI. Ultimately DTI may be useful in elucidating the mechanisms that underlie macrostructural and functional brain changes seen with abstinence and relapse.
Translation - Japanese 従来の磁気共鳴画像法を用いた脳機能の撮影で、慢性アルコール依存症歴のある人の複数の脳構造が、対照群であるアルコール依存症の無い人の同じ部位の脳の構造に比べ、容積が小さい事が明らかになった。特に影響が大きかった部位は、理論、判断、そして問題解決能力を司る前頭葉である。高齢者は特に、アルコールの有害な影響に脆弱である。女性が男性に比べ、これらの脳の変化に一貫してより脆弱であるかどうかは明らかになっていない。一般的に、節制期間前と節制期間後に検査を行ったアルコール依存症者は、組織容積にいくらかの回復を示しているが、節制期間後に飲酒を続けた依存症者は、更なる脳組織容積の減少を示している。拡散テンソル画像法 (DTI)と呼ばれる新たな磁気共鳴技術が、脳細胞（灰白質）へ情報を伝達する線維（白質）の劣化の発見に役立つ可能性がある。アルコール依存症者を研究する研究者達は、従来の磁気共鳴画像法では撮影不可能な白質の異常をDTIにより発見する事ができるようになった。最終的に、DTIは、節制と再発で見られる脳のマクロ構造的変化と機能変化の根底にあるメカニズムの解明に役立つ可能性がある。
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Years of experience: 1. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2012.
Keywords: English to Japanese, Japanese to English, English to Japanese Translation, Japanese to English Translation, Scientific Translation, Science Trancelator, Medical physics Translator, Physics, Medical Imaging, CT-scanner. See more.English to Japanese, Japanese to English, English to Japanese Translation, Japanese to English Translation, Scientific Translation, Science Trancelator, Medical physics Translator, Physics, Medical Imaging, CT-scanner, MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Therapy, Radiation Protection Translation. See less.
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