Glossary entry

English term or phrase:

data is/are

English answer:

Both are correct

Added to glossary by IanW (X)
Jul 2, 2003 11:41
20 yrs ago
1 viewer *
English term

data is/are

Non-PRO English Tech/Engineering Computers (general)
I would have thought this question has been asked before, but I can\'t find it, so please forgive me if it has.

I\'ve always used the word \"data\" in the plural and presumed this was correct - \"data are\" is correct, \"data is\" is not correct (although very common).

However, recently I\'ve been getting the feeling that I\'m in the minority. So, my question is - am I right, am I being overly pedantic or is it a question of taste? I\'d be very interested in any opinions or comments.

Thanks - Ian
Change log

Mar 9, 2018 15:04: Steffen Walter changed "Field" from "Other" to "Tech/Engineering"

Responses

+7
29 mins
Selected

Both are correct

depending on context, IMO, and also according to Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, and I quote:
"When referring to collected information, especially in electronic form, DATA is increasingly used as a singular noun, as a unified concept is often intended. "The data is entered from the forms by a keyboarder". When the composite nature of the information is important, the plural is often used: "As more data accumulate, it may turn out that there are differences; The data were easily converted into numerical form". However, in these examples, the singular is also possible thus: "As more data accumulates...., The data was easily converted....". So I hope this helps.

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Note added at 2003-07-02 12:13:48 (GMT)
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If I can avoid it, I often do, by writing e.g. \"Data may be....\", so you need not pluralise the verb.
Peer comment(s):

agree DGK T-I : although of course 'several sources of data are...'
13 mins
agree Magdalena_
31 mins
agree verbis
51 mins
agree Nancy Arrowsmith
57 mins
agree Matthew Fagan
1 hr
agree pcovs : Oxford ALD: [U or pl] regarding facts and information in a discussion or decision process; [usu sing] information prepared for or stored by a computer.
2 hrs
agree AhmedAMS
34 days
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thanks to everyone for your contributions - I'll give the points to David, as I thought his was the best explanation. Thanks, David!"
+4
3 mins

is

I would definitely say 'data is collected'...whether it is grammatically correct or not does not come into it, for me.
This is the way I would say it!
Peer comment(s):

agree airmailrpl
4 mins
agree Enza Longo : I always use it in the singular as well but I think Americans use the plural more commonly
5 mins
agree Andrea Ali : According to Webster's, singular
8 mins
disagree Arcoiris : the word "data" is a plural and should go with "are". The fact that people use it commonly does not make it correctmake it
11 mins
agree Christina Emmanuilidou
20 mins
agree arcticwolf
9 hrs
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+2
19 mins

is

I would have put an agree to Jerrie's answer but there isn't enough space.

I found the Ask Oxford website very useful for this type of question:

http://www.askoxford.com/asktheexperts/faq/aboutgrammar/data...

Is 'data' singular or plural?
Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, and should be used with a plural verb (like facts). However, there has been a growing tendency to use it as an equivalent to the uncountable noun information, followed by a singular verb. This is now regarded as generally acceptable in American use, and in the context of information technology. The traditional usage is still preferable, at least in Britain, but it may soon become a lost cause.
Peer comment(s):

agree Marie Scarano
10 mins
agree Magdalena_
40 mins
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+5
28 mins

are/is

Ian, you are correct, but so is everyone else that uses it as a singular noun. Webster's Dictionary says:

"Latin, pl. of datum ; see datum.]
Usage Note: The word data is the plural of Latin datum, "something given," but it is not always treated as a plural noun in English. The plural usage is still common, as this headline from the New York Times attests: "Data Are Elusive on the Homeless." Sometimes scientists think of data as plural, as in These data do not support the conclusions. But more often scientists and researchers think of data as a singular mass entity like information, and most people now follow this in general usage. Sixty percent of the Usage Panel accepts the use of data with a singular verb and pronoun in the sentence Once the data is in, we can begin to analyze it. A still larger number, 77 percent, accepts the sentence We have very little data on the efficacy of such programs, where the quantifier very little, which is not used with similar plural nouns such as facts and results, implies that data here is indeed singular."

I myself would use a singular verb with data, and it does sound strange to me with a plural verb, however, it is technically correct to use a plural verb.
Peer comment(s):

agree DGK T-I
13 mins
agree Joanne Panteleon
27 mins
agree Magdalena_
32 mins
agree verbis
52 mins
agree J. Leo (X)
1 day 1 hr
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+1
1 hr

An example...

I agree with David on this one, but wanted to put an example up. If you consider something like measurement of spectra, you can see why data needs to be both plural and singular. Although a spectrum is continuous, and therefore a single piece of data, when measured it is actually a set of frequency/intensity pairs. When you talk about a data point (which I guess corresponds to the antiquated datum), you would be referring to a single frequency/intensity pair within a spectrum. The data of a single spectrum would be used in the singular, and data from multiple spectra would be used in the plural.

E.g.

XPS spectroscopy data was analysed (indicating that a single spectrum was analysed).

XPS spectroscopy data from A et al and B et al were compared (where you have two spectra).

Peer comment(s):

agree DGK T-I
7 hrs
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2 hrs

are/is

1. facts, things certainly known - with "are", 2. information prepared & used in a computer program "is". Good luck, Ian Winick!
Re.: 8. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English by A. S. Hornby ISBN 0 19 431101 5

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Note added at 2003-07-02 14:13:09 (GMT)
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data usually with sing verb
Re.: Collins German Dictionary, ISBN 0-00-470406-1
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+1
6 hrs

data is/are

"Datum" and "data" are hangovers from a time when all scientific and religious lore was written in Latin. What many people don't realize is that it is only within the last hundred years that Latin has ceased to be the major language of all instruction.
Consequently, those persons whose education is based on subjects which were most latinized adhere more closely to the latinized forms of words such as "datum" and "data".

However, language can't and won't be legislated. Common usage eventually prevails. Right now we are at a point where "data" as plural is in conflict with it as singular. Who knows which version will eventually prevail?

Personally, I use "data" as plural and, believe it or not, "datum" as the singular.

However I choose to look the other way when I see "data" used in the singular.
Peer comment(s):

agree Ana Gioino Blythman
16 hrs
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