A Guide to Successful Pruning, Pruning Deciduous Trees | VCE ...
https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-456/430-456.html
May 1, 2009 - Growth comes from buds at the tips of branches (terminal buds), or along ... Train trees to single leaders and prevent any laterals from growing ...
Pruning - Urban Tree Foundation
www.urbantree.org/prunehome.shtml
Trees that grow to be large are more structurally sound and cost-effective to maintain when trained with a central dominant leader that extends 30 feet or more ...
Don't Top That Tree! Here's 5 Steps for Safe, Structural Pruning — Our ...
www.ourcityforest.org/blog/2016/1/29/w4p4udrhn7mfyj7yuja0at...
Jan 29, 2016 - Incidentally the top of the central leader will hold the apical meristem that directs the growth of the tree. To establish the leader, identify any ...

These are cuttings planted, with or without roots, to grow into new trees.
Explanation in Spanish:
En álamo, la plantación se realiza con estacas o, más frecuentemente, con
guías (varas o ramas) de uno o dos años. En sauce, lo más frecuente es la utilización de estacas de 60-80 cm. Sin embargo, la elección depende del clon a plantar, ya que algunos clones de álamo pueden potencialmente presentar problemas de enraizamiento si la plantación se realiza con guías. En general, el sauce tiene una mayor capacidad de enraizamiento.
https://www.jornadasforestales.com.ar/jornadas/2015/TRABAJOS...

An Encyclopædia of Gardening: Comprising the Theory and Practice of ...
https://books.google.es/books?id=Fo05AAAAMAAJ
... the Lombardy and some other poplars, will grow from cuttings or truncheons of several feet long ... Cuttings for this purpose may consist of long slender rods of one or two years' growth...

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Improvement in Hungary: a ...
https://www.researchgate.net/.../292792385_Black_locust_Robi...
... crops of Salicaceae are planted using cuttings and rods (stems) without roots ... (PDF) Plantation Silviculture of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) ...

A rectangular and rather small-sized willow SRC field established in ...
https://www.researchgate.net/.../A-rectangular-and-rather-sm...
One year old rods that will be used as cuttings for willow SRC planting

If larger, can be truncheons:
Unasylva - No. 165 - Forest products - Improving edible species of ...
www.fao.org/docrep/u2440e/u2440e04.htm
The use of truncheons (large cuttings) in propagation was also successful in ..