The sentence is a mess. If you simply cut out "part of the hegemony of a new globalized and" and replace it with "a" you don't lose any of the meaning:

"This shift in the conceptualization of the caffeinated public sphere should therefore be seen less as a natural evolutionary step than as a sanitation of the public sphere."

If you have to keep the Hegemon, the target term above has resolved the adjective into a noun.

I think the meaning is the global public at large; humanity as a whole