Glossary entry (derived from question below)
German term or phrase:
nach
English translation:
based on, adapted from
Added to glossary by
jccantrell
Jan 25, 2017 23:40
7 yrs ago
12 viewers *
German term
United States
Was nicht ist, kann noch werden.
Native in: English (Variant: US) 
Works in: German to English
nach
German to English
Science
Printing & Publishing
Citations in published books
Hi folks.
This is an odd request from me but I am stuck. I am translating a textbook on machine tools and the authors cite quite a few reference papers, books and articles.
Some of these citations take the form of ... [XXX1999] where XXX1999 is a particular publication in the list at the end of the book. These are pretty straightforward. However there are others that take the form of
... nach [XXX1999].
This "nach" is causing problems. I have looked over Kudoz and none of them fit my context. None of the style guides I consulted have anything similar. It appears from these guides that, in US English, you either cite the work or you do not. I have been leaving this term out and just putting the citation. The author (a German native speaker) wants to know why I'm doing this.
Consequently, I am appealing to the wisdom of the net. Do we have in English an equivalent to "nach" in this usage? If so, can you give me native English language references to it? I really do not want to see translated German documents as your verification. I also do not need any sort of translation for this unless you can point to a native English language (I will take US or Brit here) reference.
Having done patents in the past along with other documents containing citations and having written a few papers myself, I have never come across anything like this.
All contributions gratefully accepted.
Yours,
cantrell
This is an odd request from me but I am stuck. I am translating a textbook on machine tools and the authors cite quite a few reference papers, books and articles.
Some of these citations take the form of ... [XXX1999] where XXX1999 is a particular publication in the list at the end of the book. These are pretty straightforward. However there are others that take the form of
... nach [XXX1999].
This "nach" is causing problems. I have looked over Kudoz and none of them fit my context. None of the style guides I consulted have anything similar. It appears from these guides that, in US English, you either cite the work or you do not. I have been leaving this term out and just putting the citation. The author (a German native speaker) wants to know why I'm doing this.
Consequently, I am appealing to the wisdom of the net. Do we have in English an equivalent to "nach" in this usage? If so, can you give me native English language references to it? I really do not want to see translated German documents as your verification. I also do not need any sort of translation for this unless you can point to a native English language (I will take US or Brit here) reference.
Having done patents in the past along with other documents containing citations and having written a few papers myself, I have never come across anything like this.
All contributions gratefully accepted.
Yours,
cantrell
Proposed translations
(English)
| 3 | access paraphrasing citations |
Ramey Rieger (X)
|
| 4 +1 | adapted from |
Katja Dienemann
|
Change log
Jan 26, 2017 06:18: Steffen Walter changed "Field" from "Other" to "Science"
Proposed translations
17 hrs
Selected
access paraphrasing citations
You'll find what precisely fits your context
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Hi folks. This is one where I wish I could split the points. Ramey gave me exactly what I asked for and I was pretty specific. However, as the comments came in, the situation became more fluid. Going back and forth with the agency, we chose 'based on' to differentiate between citations with 'nach' and those without. So, Katja was also close to the final answer. I chose Ramey because of my original question and her answer.
Thanks to everybody for thinking about and helping me solve this knotty problem."
+1
17 mins
Katja Dienemann
Germany
Germany
Native in German
Germany
25 y: Medicine, Psychology, Spirituality
Native in: German (Variant: Germany)
Works in: English to German, Spanish to German, German to English, and 1 more.
adapted from
This is what I put in my MultiTerm ages ago. And the online dictionaries seem to confirm it.
Example sentence:
The Quote Sandwich (Adapted from They Say/I Say, pp. 41-5)
"Adapted from" is when you're presenting the material in your own format but based on material produced or otherwise published by your source. The secondary usage of "adapted from" means your presentation is based substantially on one source but with addi
Reference:
Reference comments
10 hrs
Mair A-W (PhD)
Germany
Germany
Native in English
Germany
above and beyond
Native in: English (Variant: British)
Works in: German to English, Dutch to English
Reference:
Here is a reference ( Modern German Grammar: A Practical Guide) mentioning Nach as according to, with a couple of examples:
https://books.google.de/books?id=LMysAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA337&lpg=P...
https://books.google.de/books?id=LMysAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA337&lpg=P...
Discussion
"In my opinion NACH means that they used a model by someone else in order to give information specific to the WZL text."
WZL refers to the textbook.
Not the author, but my contact.
So this is not paraphrasing, summarizing or citing, but using someone's model with the author's new data, I suppose.
Yes, "based on" is an alternative for figures, I have in my database, too :-)
After looking at the examples, I think Katja's suggestion is what you're looking for (@Katja: sorry I missed that last sentence after your second link). From the first of the two most recent links I posted:
"Table components consist of Table & number, title in italics, the table of information, and the caption. The caption begins with the word Note in italics, followed by descriptive note(s) for the table, then the source of the table (if not created by the author). The caption appears immediately underneath the table proper. Everything is double-spaced."
Example below that description:
Note. Descriptive note. Adapted [or Reprinted] from “Title of Article,” by F. M. Author and C. D. Author, year, Title of
Journal, volume, p. xx. Copyright year by the Name of Copyright Holder. Adapted with permission.
Figure example:
Figure #. Description/Note. Adapted from “Title of Article,” by F. M. Author and C. D. Author, year,
Title of Journal, volume, p. xx. Copyright year by the Name of Copyright Holder. Adapted [or Reprinted] with permission
Under a figure, we have:
Bild 4.16 Belastungsgrenzwerte der Beschleunigung auf den Menschen in Abhängigkeit von der Einwirkzeit. Nach [VDI01]
I do not have VDI01, so I cannot see whether the figure is an exact copy or not.
In another, we have
Bild 4.12 Einfluss verschiedener Aufstellbedingungen auf das dynamische Verhalten einer Futterdrehmaschine. Nach [WECK77]
Then, just below this figure, we have:
... Der Maximalwert der dynamischen Nachgiebigkeit sinkt von 0,15 μm/N bei fester Fundamentierung auf 0,1 μm/N bei Verwendung weicher Aufstellelemente [WECK77].
And something that *I* just noticed. All the 'nach' usage in this chapter is below figures of some sort, never in the text itself. The text just uses "[XXX1999].
Some other figures use "... Quelle: [XXX1999] and other figures cite nothing at all (so the author came up with those).
Now you all have what I have.
I would love to get to concrete examples of the use with and without "nach" in JC's text. It has started to feel like poking around in the dark to me...
I am a bit hesitant when it comes to "adapted from": As you say, it's used with figures (not with simple in-text citations). Asker said: "cite quite a few reference papers, books and article," so I don't know whether this is applicable here.
Here's the entry about "tables & figures":
http://library.nmu.edu/guides/userguides/apacitingtables.htm
PS
Even if you use "adapted from" for things besides tables & figures, you do not include the words in in-text citations:
"Citations of adaptive documents in the text of a research paper are done with the parenthetical elements of author and year. If you were citing the author of the works listed above, your sentence would read 'According to Weber (2012),' followed by a direct quote; a simpler version would read 'Weber (2012),' followed by quoted material. If you do not directly name the author, or if you paraphrase the quote, add author, year and page number in parenthesis. The citation sentence would read 'She has stated that negotiations break down on this point (Weber, 2012, p. 213).'"
http://penandthepad.com/cite-adaptive-document-apa-format-78...
I. APA recommendation regarding referencing figures:
If you adapt a figure to illustrate your work, credit the original source in full at the bottom of the figure but add the words 'Adapted from' to indicate it has been changed by you, and cite the source in full in your reference list:
Figure 3. A credibility judgment is arrived at within the larger context of one's background, prior knowledge, assumptions and biases, as one makes interim decisions based on one's defined need, ... Adapted from "Evaluation techniques," by D. Cunningham, 2008, Annals of Psychiatry 36, p. 35. Copyright 2008 by David Cunningham.
II. Use on http://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/apa-referencing/getting-start... itself
A DOI, or digital object identifier, is a unique, permanent identification number that will take you straight to a document no matter where it is located on the Internet....
(Adapted from: Lee, C. (2009, September 21). APA Style Blog: A DOI primer [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/a-doi-primer.html
If the paraphrasing in JC's text refers to just a sentence: Agree with you & Ramey: no "nach
"In absoluten Ausnahmefällen ist das ursprüngliche Werk nicht mehr verfügbar
oder Ihnen mit angemessenem Aufwand (ausländische Bibliothek) nicht zugänglich und ein direkter Bezug auf die Originalquelle nicht möglich. In diesem Fall können Sie auch auf den Sekundärtext als Quelle zurückgreifen und diesen angeben. Hier ist aber der Hinweis auf die ursprüngliche Autorin bzw. den Autor zwingend notwendig. Also in diesem Fall:
(Vorname Nachname zitiert nach XX Jahr: Seite)
und als Beispiel:
(Beatrice Webb zitiert nach Meier 2010: 45f.)."
"Give the secondary source in the reference list; in text, name the original work and give a citation for the secondary source.
For example, if Allport's work is cited in Nicholson and you did not read Allport's work, list the Nicholson reference in the reference list. In the text, use the following citation:
Allport's diary (as cited in Nicholson, 2003)."
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-another-source.aspx
This may be a longshot, but I could imagine it to be the reason why the author is getting a bit nervous about your removal of "nach."
Can't open your first link, Katja, but this is what an APA in-text citation looks like for paraphrased content:
"If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.)
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199)."
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
What Brigitte describes is in English the difference between the use of quotation marks and no quotation marks for either direct quotes or paraphrasing.
So I agree with Ramey: There should be no "nach" in the English version.
Not too long ago, we had a similar question about legal citations. Unfortunately, the issue wasn't really dealt with, as the asker opted for an almost literal translation. But even there, English does not allow for the wealth of options available in German.
Maybe the following information - together with your context (direct quotes or paraphrases or graphs) - makes it a little clearer whether to use any word in front of the reference or not.
There are different referencing systems (with slightly varying recommendations), authors can adhere to, e.g. English: APA, Harvard, Vancouver, in Germany DIN.
The guides for English seem to agree on using "Adapted from" to reference a diagram, chart etc. (e.g. http://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/apa-referencing/getting-start... I have come across that use very often myself when translating English medical documents (into German).
"Adapted from" is recommended this way in the Harvard guide: "The following list of seven points is adapted from Mintzberg (2007)" and used this way in the guide itself "Use the following conventions to ensure that your referencing is correct (adapted from Lewis, 1999: 26)." (http://education.exeter.ac.uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_refere...
I found it under "Paraphrasing indications"
There is no 'nach' or 'according to' or 'taken from' preceding the paraphrased quotation.
obviously, I cannot answer for JC but as I see it, there are direct quotes (those without "nach") and other quotes (the author uses his/her own words to provide the content of whatever the person wrote who is responsible for the text in Question [XX1999]).