Turdimurod Rakhmanov Jun 28, 2020:

Thank you, Frank for clarification. In English, an officer itself might be used for "enlisted man" (who is below the rank of officer.) But in the Russian army, we can't use "an officer" or "orderly" for dnevalniy.
An enlisted man or woman is a member of the United States armed forces who is below the rank of officer. (from dictionary).
I thought: the Asker's intention is to clarify the meaning for the both terms and distinguish them. Otherwise, he wouldn't ask if the answer was just duty officer and dictionary variants for dnevalniy.
I totally agree with you, Frank, regarding the officer (usage in general).

Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. Jun 28, 2020:

In English, an officer is a person who holds certain authority and does not need to be commissioned. For example, a police officer is just a functionary. Other definitions:
1. One who holds an office of authority or trust in an organization, such as a corporation or government.
1. (Military) a person in the armed services who holds a position of responsibility, authority, and duty, esp one who holds a commission
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/officer

Turdimurod Rakhmanov Jun 27, 2020:

Уточнение There is no such a thing like "dnevalniy" in the US army and in the armed forces of NATO countries. That's why it is everywhere translated as "orderly" which may have closer meaning, but it's slightly different from the actual meaning applicable to the Soviet or Russian armed forces. The context is related to the Soviet or Russian armed forces, so I think translation should be the same as in the context.
And "Дежурный" is not an officer (а военнослужащий, входящий в сержантский состав), but a noncommissioned officer or under officer (в армии офицер отдает приказы а сержант обеспечивает их исполнение). Sometimes, a soldier could replace them. (Common Soldiers or enlisted and under officers can be Dejurniys).
Dnevalniy is a helper for a dejurniy.

Turdimurod Rakhmanov Jun 27, 2020:

@McCallum In some dictionaries it is an "orderly". It might be in other contexts. An Orderly is a soldier who carries orders or performs minor tasks for an officer. It can be rendered as "dejurniy" in general. But the "dnevalniy" in this context is slightly different than the one in the dictionary, IMHO.
It means:
Рядовой, назначаемый на сутки в помощь дежурному для поддержания порядка в подразделениях, охраны имущества и др.
a Soldier, (of course enlisted one) who helps a man on duty,
I am more inclined to barrack attendant or enlisted man on duty.

Boris Shapiro Jun 26, 2020:

Случайно заглянул в Смирницкого. Дневальный через запятую: man on duty, orderly. Ужос. Эх, Смирницкий, Смирницкий...

Boris Shapiro Jun 24, 2020:

As a side-note, the 'barrack-room' is so delightfully late Victorian that it might just be the perfect vessel for the largely exotic (ex)Soviet Army barracks lifestyle (since they, especially in the USA, have long since moved on to more individualised housing arrangements).

Boris Shapiro Jun 24, 2020:

Is being universally cited as a *literal* translation of a Nazi death camp inmates' term 'widely used'? I wonder.

Turdimurod Rakhmanov Jun 24, 2020:

barrack-room duty-dnevalniy Another variant is a soldier, man on barrack-room duty. It is also widely used.
Page 177 https://www.centropa.org/sites/default/files/witness_to_ausc...
Or just:
barrack attendant
если дневальный по столовой dining room attendant

Boris Shapiro Jun 24, 2020:

Do I have to draw you a Venn diagram to show that, while a soldier on fatigue duty can perform all manner of non-combat tasks, a дневальный cannot? Such unnecessary generalisation (translating a hyponym with a hyperonym) is just sloppy work (and makes for hilarious translation errors; just imagine handing your rifle to a guy digging latrines or peeling potatoes)

Turdimurod Rakhmanov Jun 24, 2020:

enlisted man on duty Man on duty-дежурный
enlisted man on duty (as an assistant)-дневальный
Должна быть разница между ними в переводе,
You can't render the both as man on duty?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv4fm19humE
кто такой дневальный?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92MmTGDgL0M
Все нестроевые обязанности, хозяйственные работы в армии называется fatigue duty. Увидев в гугле что-то и сразу прийти к выводу (напр. digging trenches) тоже не логично.

Turdimurod Rakhmanov Jun 24, 2020:

дневальный Дежурный и дневальный - одно и то же? Нет конечно, man on duty - дежурный, а как дневальный тогда?
Дневальный- Рядовой, назначаемый на сутки в помощь дежурному для поддержания порядка в подразделениях, охраны имущества и др
Вообще то они срочники.
а duty officer сюда вообще не подходит.