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Sample translations submitted: 4
Chinese to English: Sample text required for the following project: http://www.proz.com/translation-jobs/429340 General field: Social Sciences
Source text - Chinese 高等教育系统中正在出现的分层大致是这样的：在国家重点高校，具有较强的文化资本、经济资本和社会资本的强势社会阶层的子女，占有较大的份额，农 村学生和弱势阶层的子女逐渐减少。教育资源、教育质量相对较弱的地方性高等院校聚集了最多的农村学生。城乡二元、重点学校和普通学校二元的中小学制度，以 及高考制度的缺陷，加剧了客观存在的创新差距和阶层差距。
Translation - English The different strata currently appearing in the higher education system are roughly as follows: Higher education facilities of national importance, having relatively strong cultural capital, economic, and social resources, and pupils with stronger social capital, maintain a relatively high number of pupils from strong social backgrounds and the upper class. The number of rural students and children from disadvantaged groups is gradually decreasing. The greatest number of rural students are concentrated in provincial institutions with somewhat weak educational resources and a lesser quality of education. The shortcomings of integrated urban and rural key schools, as well as the integrated primary and secondary school system, have exacerbated the objectively- existing innovation and class disparities.
Chinese to English: User Comment from www.chinadialogue.com, available at http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/3522-A-home-away-from-home in the comments section. General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - Chinese 这种念头可能铸成大错
很难想象，当大象这种庞大动物经历了1000万年演变之后，同样经历了1000万年改变的生存环境，还能否接受1000万年后的子孙。
而我认为，特别是昆虫，可以说是这个地球上最庞大的动物种群之一，它们在世界各地的差异太大太大了，就拿遍布全球的蚊子来说，也有着千差万别。在现今世界，一旦把非洲的昆虫引入亚洲，把非洲的大象迁入美洲，可以想得出，那里的野生动物世界将发生怎样的战争。
植物类外来入侵物种造成生态灾难的案例，以经告诉我们绝对不能自以为是地胡来，即使是一个非常美好善良的愿望，也可能铸就永远无法校正的大错。
此文中说：最新的研究显示，在升温预期提高的条件下，热浪、干旱、以及海洋不断酸化等现象将迫使动物们离开它们的自然栖息地，并使它们的食物链遭到破坏，物种的死亡率也将随之升高到40%到70%之间。
难道以此为依据就能把人类要拯救的物种搬家吗？除了把它们搬到原来就有该种群存在的、尚未受到气候变化影响的区域，这些“看似”理想，但从未有该物种栖息的区域，肯定不会欣然接受它们这些“异族”外来居民的。
对于中国的野生动物保护来说，当前最大的威胁还是栖息地的丧失和栖息环境的恶劣趋势。若以工作的优先顺序考虑，当紧的是给出濒危物种栖息地恢复方 案。例如老虎的保护和栖息地危机问题亟待解决，究竟能不能扩大一些东北虎的栖息地面积，把有虎踪迹的保护区再扩大一些，把里面的居民搬迁出来，让人有安全 幸福的生活，让虎有自由行走、捕猎的可能。
也许，蝴蝶生物学家卡米尔•帕尔梅桑的研究和建议在美国境内有足够的依据，适合美国动物保护的实际。但在中国和非洲这些生物多样性远远高于美国的地区，就肯定不合适。
张可佳
大自然保护协会(TNC)中国项目员工
Translation - English Such Thinking May Lead to Major Mistakes
It's hard to imagine whether elephants, these large animals which have experienced 10 million years of evolution, and 10 million years of change in their living environment, will have descendants 10 million years from now.
As I see it, particularly insects, which you could say are one of the largest animal groups in the world, their variety in every area of the world is just incredible. Take the mosquito, for example- it is found the world over, there are thousands upon thousands of different kinds of mosquitoes. In the modern world, as soon as you introduce African insects to Asia, and African elephants to America, you can imagine what kind of conflicts will erupt in the wilds of these areas.
Cases of importing foreign plants leading to ecological disaster have already shown us that we must think things through properly. Although this is an extremely beautiful and good ambition, it could also lead to mistakes which could never be undone.
This article says that: The latest research has shown that under the premise of expected rises in temperature, heat, drought, as well as the incessant acidification of the oceans, among other phenomena, will force animals to leave their natural habitat, and will also break their food chains. The extinction rate of species will also rise to between 40% and 70%.
Could it be that this is the basis to make it possible to move the species humans want to save? Aside from the fact that their destinations already have species inhabiting them, to areas which have yet to be influenced by climate change, this is "seemingly" ideal, but areas which have never had these species will not be pleased to accept these foreign "alien" residents.
With regard to the conservation of wild animals in China, the biggest present threat is still the adverse trend of loss and deterioration of natural habitat. If we consider what our priorities are to be within conservation work, the most urgent thing is to undertake the recovery of the habitat of endangered species.
For instance, the protection of the tiger and the habitat crisis are matters in urgent need of resolution. Whether or not it is possible to expand the habitat area of the Siberian Tiger somewhat, and expand the conservation areas which show signs of having tigers living within them; to relocate the residents of these areas elsewhere, allowing people to have safe and happy lives, and tigers to have the freedom to move around and the possibility of hunting.
It may be the case that the research and advice of the butterfly biologist Camille Parmesan has sufficient basis in America to make it suitable for the reality of American animal conservation. However, it is certainly not suitable for China and Africa, areas with vastly greater biodiversity than America.
Kejia Zhang
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) China Project
Chinese to English: Short biography of Wang Ji-xin General field: Other Detailed field: History
Source text - Chinese 王积薪为唐代开元，天宝年间翰林院棋待诏， 常在宫中陪唐玄宗下棋。少年时学弈勤奋，每出游必携棋具，随时与人交流。开元年间，王积薪曾与高手冯汪在太原尉陈久演的“金谷园”中连弈九局，多胜，被推为当时第一名手。
唐代曾有王积薪在天宝之乱逃难路上遇姑妇传授棋艺的故事，是中国古代有名的围棋传说之一。天宝十五年秋，安禄山骑兵反唐，玄宗匆匆西逃蜀中，王积薪业余百官一期跟随。在崎岖的蜀道上，王积薪吃尽苦头，然而，也有意外的手获，就是在途中遇见了两位姑妇高手，是他的棋艺得以更大的提高。
王积薪在当时所一名震天下，不仅是因为他棋艺高超，而且由于它根据前人和自己的实践经验，总结出了中国古代著名的围棋十诀。 王积薪著有《金谷园九局图》一卷，《凤池图》一卷，《棋诀》三卷。
Translation - English Wang Ji-xin was an official of the Yulin Go Academy during the Kaiyuan and Tianyu periods in the Tang Dynasty, and often played Go with Tang Xuanzong in the palace. In his early years, he studied Go diligently, always taking his Go equipment with him when travelling, and exchanging information with others constantly. During the Kaiyuan Emperor’s reign, he once played 9 games with the expert Feng Wang in the “Jin-yu Yuan”, owned by Chen Jiu-xin, an official in Taiyuan, winning many of them and becoming promoted as the best player of his time.
The Tang Dynasty story of how Wang Ji-xin met two women on the road when escaping the chaos at Tianyu has come to be one of the most famous ancient Chinese Go legends. In autumn in the 15th year of the Tianyu Emperor’s reign, An Lu-shan rebelled, and Tang Xuanzong fled the capital and headed west on the Shu Road, followed by Wang Ji-xin and his other officials. Wang Ji-xin faced great hardship on the rugged road. However, he also made an unexpected gain when he met two expert female Go players, which allowed his Go skills to attain even greater heights.
It was not only Wang Ji-xin’s Go skill which shocked the world, but the fact that he collated the famous 10 Secrets of Go from his own experience and that of his predecessors. He wrote 3 scrolls: Illustrations of the 9 Games at Jin-yu Garden, Illustrations of the Wind Pond, and Secrets of Go.
Chinese to English: A Brief Introduction to Neurosurgical Implants General field: Medical
Translation - English Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to Neurosurgical Implants
Section 1 A Definition of Neurosurgical Implants
A branch of surgery. Theory and techniques relating to the pathogenesis, symptoms, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of injury, inflammation, tumors, deformation and the chaotic influence of certain illnesses (such as neuralgia and epilepsy) on the human nervous system (the brain, spine, and surrounding nerves) and the structures contained within it ( the skull, meninx, blood vessels within the head), on a surgical basis.
Neurosurgery deals with illnesses of the brain, spine and nervous system caused by external injury, such as external injury to the brain resulting from a car crash, or a tumor compressing the brain which requires surgical treatment; Neurosurgical implants are instruments used to treat the nervous system in neurosurgery.
Section 2 The Development of the Neurosurgical Implant Industry
Following the establishment and development of socialism, neurosurgery has attained a new state of development and dissemination within Chinese medicine. Currently, 1st-grade provincial and municipal hospitals have established neurosurgical specialists, and some county- level hospitals are also able to undertake a limited degree of emergency neurosurgical treatment. The rapid development of neurosurgical equipment has appeared in China, but the industry has found itself faced with high technical barriers, and as the technology used in domestic industry is somewhat backwards, foreign investment has occupied a large share of the market.
Section 3 An Introduction to the Different Kinds of Neurosurgical Implant
The most important types of neurosurgical instrument in China are noninvasive skull pressure testing and multifunctional digital external injury cleaning instruments, medical titanium mesh, skull locks, etc.
Section 4 An Analysis of the Neurosurgical Implant Industrial Chain
1. An Introduction to the Industrial Chain Model
An “industrial chain” is defined as the route by which one or more resources pass through certain levels of industry, always moving down to the next level, until they reach the consumer. It has 4 meanings: the first is that the industrial chain shows the arrangement of different levels of industry. Second: the industrial chain shows the degree to which industries are interconnected. The more strongly they are connected, the closer the links in the chain, and the higher the efficiency of resource allocation. Third, the industrial chain shows the extent to which value is added. The longer the industrial chain, the more value is added. Fourth, the industrial chain shows the degree to which demand is satisfied. The industrial chain begins with natural resources, and extends to the consumer market, but the beginning and end points are not set in stone.
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Bachelor's degree - University of Edinburgh
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Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2010.
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