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German to English: Ferruccio Busoni: Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst · Ferruccio Busoni: Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Music
Source text - German „Notation“ („Skription“) bringt mich auf Transkription: gegenwärtig ein recht mißverstandener, fast schimpflicher Begriff. Die häufige Opposition, die ich mit „Transkiptionen“ erregte, und die Opposition, die oft unvernünftige Kritik in mir hervorrief, veranlaßten mich zum Versuch, über diesen Punkt Klarheit zu gewinnen. Was ich endgültig darüber denke, ist: Jede Notation ist schon Transkription eines abstrakten Einfalls. Mit dem Augenblick, da die Feder sich seiner bemächtigt, verliert der Gedanke seine Originalgestalt. Die Absicht, den Einfall aufzuschreiben, bedingt schon die Wahl von Taktart und Tonart. Form- und Klangmittel, für welche der Komponist sich entscheiden muß, bestimmen mehr und mehr den Weg und die Grenzen.
Ferruccio Busoni
Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst
Translation - English "Notation" ("writing down") leads me to transcription: a highly misunderstood, almost pejorative term at the moment. The frequent opposition to "transcription" I have encountered - opposition that has often caused me to be unreasonably critical - has prompted me to try and clarify this point. Ultimately, what I think about this is: any notation is already the transcription of an abstract idea. At the moment the pen takes hold of it, the thought loses its original form. The intention to write the idea down already requires the choice of time signature and key. The form and the means to make the sound, which the composer must also decide, define more and more the way and its boundaries.
Ferruccio Busoni: Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music
(Original translation, only used for sample purposes)
French to English: Système de gestion de contenu · Content Management System General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: IT (Information Technology)
Source text - French Le concept de WYSIWYG a rencontré un grand succès dans la création de contenu dans les années 1980, et fait perdre alors du terrain aux systèmes de marquage qui séparaient à la source le contenu de la forme (le rendu). Sauf à utiliser un éditeur approprié (comme Markup sur PC), un délai de plusieurs secondes séparait alors l’insertion d’une balise et une de ses visualisations possibles dans un contexte donné : une compilation était en effet nécessaire pour que l’utilisateur visualise le résultat. Néanmoins, ce principe de texte marqué par des balises donnait seul la flexibilité imposée par l’édition professionnelle et continue à être utilisé : TeX, GML, SGML, etc., tandis que le cycle du rendu passait de quelques dizaines de secondes à parfois quelques dixièmes de seconde en raison de la puissance accrue des machines, puissance qui augmentait conformément à la loi de Moore.
Le WYSIWYG a pour sa part repris quelques concepts du texte marqué en bureautique et reste dominant dans la création de contenu grand public, car demandant moins d’effort d’abstraction. La séparation du contenu et de la forme est toutefois partiellement réalisée par l’usage du concept de styles, à l’image du rendu de l’HTML par des feuilles de style (Cascading Style Sheet ou CSS) en texte marqué. Les deux systèmes ont donc en partie convergé.
Translation - English The WYSIWYG ("What You See Is What You Get") concept enjoyed great success in content creation in the 1980s, and caused tagging systems that separated content from form (rendering) at source to lose ground. In the latter, unless a suitable editor (like Markup for PC) was used, a delay of several seconds separated the insertion of a tag and one of its possible visualisations in a given context. In effect, a compilation was necessary for the user to visualise the result. Nevertheless, only this principle of text marked by tags provided the flexibility required for professional editing. It continues to be used - TeX, GML, SGML, etc. The rendering cycle has progressed from tens of seconds to sometimes a few tenths of a second because of more powerful machines, the which power has increased in accordance with Moore's law.
WYSIWYG, for its part, takes up aspects of text editing familiar in general office contexts. It remains dominant in content creation by the general public, because it is less abstract. The separation of content and form is however partly achieved via the concept of styles, such as the rendering of HTML by style sheets (CSS, Cascading Style Sheets) in the marked text. The two systems have therefore partially converged.
(Original translation, only used for sample purposes)
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Translation education
Master's degree - University of Oxford
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Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2020.
Experienced Anglicist (Oxon) with speed and flair. Particular expertise in English as a successful lingua franca, for the strongest appeal and best understanding in the target culture/s. My translations are idiomatic and stylish, while remaining scrupulously faithful to the source content.
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